NNMSM Type-II and III

We suggest two types of extension of the standard model, which are the so-called next to new minimal standard model (NNMSM) type-II and -III. They can achieve gauge coupling unification as well as suitable dark matter abundance, small neutrino masses, baryon asymmetry of the universe, inflation, and dark energy. The gauge coupling unification can be realized by introducing extra two or three new fields, and could explain the charge quantization. We also show that there are regions in which the vacuum stability, coupling perturbativity, and correct dark matter abundance can be realized with current experimental data at the same time.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures, comments added. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1309.123

Lorentz-Violating Supergravity

The standard forms of supersymmetry and supergravity are inextricably wedded to Lorentz invariance. Here a Lorentz-violating form of supergravity is proposed. The superpartners have exotic properties that are not possible in a theory with exact Lorentz symmetry and microcausality. For example, the bosonic sfermions have spin 1/2 and the fermionic gauginos have spin 1. The theory is based on a phenomenological action that is shown to follow from a simple microscopic and statistical picture.Comment: 15 pages; to be published in Proceedings of Beyond the Desert 2003 (Castle Ringberg, Tegernsee, Germany, 9-14 June 2003), edited by H. V. Klapdor-Kleingrothau

On the difference between updating the mixing matrix and updating the separation matrix

Raw data for our paper: "Interrelated chemical-microstructural-nanomechanical variations in the structural units of the cuttlebone of Sepia officinalis" DOI: 10.1063/1.499320

A phase II, multicentre, UK study of vinorelbine in advanced breast cancer.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIMulticenter StudyFull text is available as a scanned copy of the original print versionThirty-four evaluable patients were treated with vinorelbine, a novel, semisynthetic vinca alkaloid, as first-line chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer. They received vinorelbine 25 mg m-2 i.v. given weekly for a maximum of 16 cycles. Two patients achieved a complete remission and 15 a partial remission, giving a response rate of 17/34 (50%; 95% CI of 34-66%); median response duration was 5.8 months. The median progression-free interval was 4.4 months and median survival 9.9 months. Treatment was generally well tolerated. Fatigue was the most common side-effect. The main reason for dose adjustments was myelosuppression; 68% of patients had WHO grade 3 or 4 neutropenia and there was one death attributed to neutropenic sepsis. Nausea/vomiting and neuropathy were mild and alopecia was uncommon. This study confirms vinorelbine as a highly active, well-tolerated agent in advanced breast cancer worthy of evaluation in combination chemotherapy regimens

Risks and benefits of bisphosphonates

Bone is the most common site for metastasis in cancer and is of particular clinical importance in breast and prostate cancers due to the prevalence of these diseases. Bone metastases result in considerable morbidity and complex demands on health care resources, affecting quality of life and independence over years rather than months. The bisphosphonates have been shown to reduce skeletal morbidity in multiple myeloma as well as a wide range of solid tumours affecting bone by 30–50%. Quite appropriately, these agents are increasingly used alongside anticancer treatments to prevent skeletal complications and relieve bone pain

Measurement of urinary collagen cross-links indicate response to therapy in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases

Objective assessment of response in bone metastases from breast cancer using radiological techniques takes up to 6 months of treatment to be certain of a response, and sclerotic metastases are not evaluable. Standard serum and urinary tumour markers may not always be utilized to predict response, as they may not be elevated, and therefore may not change on treatment. The development of the urinary pyridinoline cross-link assays which measure mature bone breakdown products have been shown to be highly sensitive and specific as a measure of bone change in osteoporosis. We have measured pyridinoline (Pyr) and deoxypyridinoline (Dpyr) cross-links sequentially in 36 breast cancer patients with bone metastases, to determine if the measurement of these analytes predicts response at an earlier stage than radiological assessment. Response was assessed by UICC criteria. Seventeen women responded to hormonal therapy, whilst 19 developed progressive disease. Both Pyr and Dpyr increased sequentially in women with progressive disease with changes becoming apparent by 8 weeks (P < 0.03). In responding women, cross-link levels did not change significantly. Pyr and Dpyr were more sensitive and specific than the standard serum tumour marker CA 15-3. Urinary cross-link measurements provide a novel objective method of assessing response to treatment in women with bone metastases. Initial elevated urinary cross-link markers identify patients who tend not to respond to changes in hormonal therap